Legal Educations Govah Bi-quarterly Journal

Examining the limits of punitive damages in US law

Document Type : Specialized Article

Author

onvan

Abstract

Punitive damages is an institution that is rooted in common law. Although in Iranian law there is a legal letter, but is used only in civil cases against some foreign states, it is not actually accepted in domestic law of Iran. To this occasion, works have been written in Persian language, about the possibility of accepting and rejecting it in Iranian law and in some of them, the introduction of this legal concept to Iranian law is recommended. In this regard, attention to the limitations imposed on punitive damages in the United States of America in recent years can be of great help to researchers in this area. Because the review of these restrictions after years of experience in punitive damages in this country has been designed and to address some of the problems caused by punitive damages, especially the criticisms of the unjust enreachment in punitive damages cases and to ignore defendant’s rights in these cases. According to the proposition, the entry of punitive damages to Iranian law in its pure form and without such restrictions would be out of the way of planning and wisdom. In the present article, five of the most important restrictions that apply to punitive damages in the United States, have been attempted to address punitive damages reforms in American law. These restrictions range from the impossibility of claiming punitive damages in four states from the United States to a ceiling for punitive damages in the laws of more than 25 states in the United States, as well as rigorous laws to demonstrate a specific description of a harmful act and Or its subject in the cases of punitive damages, as well as the receipt of part of the punitive damages in favor of the General Fund.

Keywords

  1. 1. منابع به زبان فارسی

    الف) مقالات:

    1.    داراب پور، مهراب و سعید سلطانی احمدآباد. فلسفه حقوقی و ماهیت خسارت تنبیهی. مجله حقوقی بین‌المللی، سال 32، شماره 52 ، (1394).

    2.    قاسمی حامد، عباس و علی خسروی فارسانی و فهیمه آقابابایی. خسارت تنبیهی در حقوق ایران.  مجله حقوقی دادگستری، دوره 77، شماره 81 (1392)

    3.    صادقی مقدم، محمد حسن و جعفر نوری یوشانلوئی، تحول مسئولیت مدنی در حقوق ایران و فرانسه با تاکید بر شناسایی خسارات غیر ترمیمی، فصلنامه حقوق (مجله دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی) 41، 4 (1390)

     

    2. منابع به زبان انگلیسی

    الف) کتب و مقالات

    1. Punitive Damages in Products Liability Action: Acomparative Critique of the Puerto Rican and Californian Traditions
    2. Davis, Melissa Michelle. “Procedural Protections in Punitive Damage Cases: Ensuring that Juries Are Asking the Right Questions About Wealth Evidence.” Temp. L. Rev. 81 (2008)
    3. Owen, David G. “A punitive damages overview: Functions, problems and reform.” Vill. L. Rev. 39 (1994)
    4. black, black’s law dictionary, sixth edition, 1990, west publishing co
    5. Cooter, Robert D. “Punitive Damages for Deterence: When and How Much.” Ala. L. Rev. 40 (1988): 1143.
    6. Polinsky, A. M., and S. Shavell. “Public Enforcement of law: The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics and the Law.” Volume 3 (1998)
    7. Polinsky, A. Mitchell, and Steven Shavell. “Punitive damages: An economic analysis.” Harvard Law Review (1998): 869-962

    ب) پرونده‌های حقوقی (case law)

    1. Aubert v. Aubert, 529 A.2d 909, 914 (N.H. 1987)
    2. Barr v. Interbay Citizens Bank of Tampa, 649 P.2d 827 (Wash. 1982).
    3. BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore 517 U.S. 559 (1996)C.R.S. § 13-21-102
    4. Mosing v. Domas, 830 So. 2d 967 (La. 2002)
    5. Nardelli v. Metro. Group Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co., 277P.3d 789 (Ariz. Ct. App. 2012)
    6. Pac. Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Haslip 499 U.S. 1 (1991)

    ج) قوانین

    • ALA. CODE ANN. § 6-11
    • ALASKA STAT. § 09.17.020
    • ALASKA STAT. § 09.50.280
    • Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 49-287(J)
    • Ark. Code ANN. § 16-55-207
    • C.R.S. § 13-25-127(2) (2015)
    • CAL. CIVIL CODE § 3294(a)
    • Fla. Stat. Ann. § 768.725
    • FLA. STAT. ANN. § 768.73(1)
    • Ga. Code Ann. § 51-12-5.1(b)
    • I.C. § 6-1604(2) (2015)
    • Idaho Code Ann. § 6-1604(3)
    • Ind. Code Ann. § 34-51-3
    • Iowa Code § 668A.1.a
    • KAN. STAT. ANN. § 60-3701
    • KAN. STAT. ANN. § 60-3702
    • KY. REV. STAT. 411.184(2)
    • LA Civ Code 3546
    • M.C.A. § 27-1-220(3).
    • Minn. Stat. § 549.20(1(a)
    • MISS. CODE ANN. § 11-1-65
    • Mo. Rev. Stat. § 537.675 (3)
    • N. R.S. § 42.005(1)
    • N.C. GEN. STAT. § 1D-15(b)
    • N.C. GEN.STAT. § 1D-25
    • N.D. CENT. CODE § 32- 03.2-11
    • N.J.S.A. § 2A:15-5.12
    • N.J.S.A. § 2A:15-5.14(b).
    • N.R.S. § 42.005
    • NH Rev Stat § 507:16
    • OHIO REV. CODE ANN. § 2315.21(D)
    • OR. REV. STAT. § 31.730
    • Pa. Stat. Ann. tit. 40, §1303.505(e).
    • S.C. CODE ANN. § 15-33-135
    • S.D. CODIFIED LAWS § 21-1-4.1 (2004)
    • Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 41.003
    • Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 41.008
    • U.S. Const. amend. XIV. 1868
    • UTAH CODE ANN. § 78-18-1
    • VA. CODE ANN. § 8.01- 38.1
    • Wis. Stat. § 895.043(6)

     

    د) پایگاه‌های اینترنتی (جهت دسترسی به متن کامل پرونده‌ها و قوانین)

    1. https://supreme.justia.com
    2. http://law.justia.com
    3. https://www.lawserver.com
    4. http://caselaw.findlaw.com/
    5. https://www.courtlistener.com
Legal Educations Govah Bi-quarterly Journal
Volume 5, Issue 1 - Serial Number 8
April 2018
Pages 25-40